Ο Ρόλος της Μυϊκής ή Άλιπης Μάζας στον Μεταβολισμό

[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”20″ margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”2_3″ layout=”2_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_title margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” size=”2″ content_align=”left” style_type=”default” sep_color=””] Ο Ρόλος της Μυϊκής ή Άλιπης Μάζας στον Μεταβολισμό [/fusion_title][fusion_text] Το μέγεθος της Άλιπης Σωματικής Μάζας αποτελεί έναν σημαντικό παράγοντα που επηρεάζει τη σωματική απόδοση και την αθλητική επίδοση. Στον πίνακα 1 παρουσιάζεται η σημασία της μυϊκής μάζας σε διάφορες κατηγορίες και καταστάσεις.

Πίνακας 1: Η σημασία της μυϊκής μάζας.
Το μέγεθος της μυϊκής μάζας καθορίζει σε μεγάλο βαθμό τον μεταβολισμό. Το μυϊκό σύστημα είναι εκείνο στο οποίο συντελείται η πλειονότητα των μεταβολικών διαδικασιών. Συγκεκριμένα στους μύες πραγματοποιείται πάνω από το 70% του μεταβολισμού μας. Από την θερμογένεση μέχρι και την μυϊκή σύσπαση, οι μύες χρειάζονται ενέργεια για να πραγματοποιήσουν τις διάφορες λειτουργίες τους. Όσο μεγαλύτερος λοιπόν είναι ο μυϊκός ιστός, τόσο μεγαλύτερη ποσότητα ενέργειας χρειάζεται για να συντηρηθεί αλλά και για να πραγματοποιήσει τις διάφορες κινήσεις. Για τον λόγο αυτό, υπάρχει γραμμική θετική συσχέτιση μεταξύ του μεγέθους της μυϊκής/άλιπης μάζας με τον Βασικό Μεταβολισμό, η οποία σημαίνει ότι τα άτομα που η μυϊκή τους μάζα αποτελεί το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό του συνολικού τους βάρους έχουν πολύ μεγαλύτερο Βασικό Μεταβολισμό, σε σχέση με άλλα άτομα τα οποία δεν έχουν αυξημένη ή ικανοποιητική μυϊκή μάζα. Δηλαδή, χρειάζεται να «κάψουν» πολύ περισσότερες θερμίδες μόνο και μόνο για να συντηρήσουν την μυϊκή τους μάζα, σε σχέση με τα άτομα που έχουν μικρή μυϊκή μάζα. Παράλληλα, αυτά τα άτομα χρειάζονται πολύ μεγαλύτερη ποσότητα ενέργειας, άρα χρειάζεται να «κάψουν» πολύ περισσότερες θερμίδες, ακόμα και για την πιο απλή κίνηση, όπως για παράδειγμα το περπάτημα, και ακόμα περισσότερες κατά την διάρκεια της άσκησης-προπόνησης και μετά το τέλος της. Για τον λόγο αυτό, τα άτομα που έχουν μια ικανοποιητική μυϊκή μάζα, η οποία καταλαμβάνει το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό του σωματικού τους βάρους, πρώτον είναι δύσκολο να παχύνουν ή να αυξήσουν το ποσοστό της λιπώδους μάζας τους, και δεύτερον ακόμα και αν παχύνουν αδυνατίζουν παρά πολύ εύκολα και γρήγορα. Σε ενίσχυση αυτών των συμπερασμάτων, είναι πλέον επαρκώς τεκμηριωμένο ότι τα άτομα που έχουν αυξημένη μυϊκή μάζα ή που μέσω της προπόνησης αρχίζουν να την αυξάνουν, θα έχουν και αυξημένη κατανάλωση Ο2. Εδώ και χρόνια έχει διαπιστωθεί ότι τα άτομα που η μυϊκή τους μάζα καταλαμβάνει το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό του σωματικού τους βάρους, χρησιμοποιούν περισσότερο οξυγόνο για τις διάφορες μεταβολικές τους διαδικασίες από ότι τα άτομα με μικρότερη μυϊκή μάζα. Χαρακτηριστικό είναι ότι σε όλες τις έρευνες που πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε αθλητές σωματοδομής διαπιστώθηκε ότι η κατανάλωση οξυγόνου τους ήταν εφάμιλλη με αυτή των μαραθωνοδρόμων. Αυτό συμβαίνει διότι και στις δύο κατηγορίες αθλητών η μυϊκή μάζα καταλαμβάνει το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό του σωματικού τους βάρους. Ωστόσο αυτό δεν σημαίνει σε καμία περίπτωση ότι θα έχουν την ίδια καρδιοαναπνευστική αντοχή, ακόμα και εάν έχουν την ίδια VO2max, διότι η κατανάλωση Ο2 αυτή οφείλεται καθαρά στις ενεργειακές απαιτήσεις που έχουν οι αθλητές σωματοδομής, λόγω της αυξημένης μυϊκής τους μάζας. Από τα παραπάνω διαπιστώνεται ότι το μέγεθος της μυϊκής μάζας είναι ένας σημαντικός παράγοντας που καθορίζει την σύσταση του ανθρώπινου σώματος. 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