Ο Ρόλος της Μυϊκής ή Άλιπης Μάζας στην αθλητική επίδοση.

[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”20″ margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”2_3″ layout=”2_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_title margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” size=”2″ content_align=”left” style_type=”default” sep_color=””] Ο Ρόλος της Μυϊκής ή Άλιπης Μάζας στην αθλητική επίδοση. [/fusion_title][fusion_text] Όσον αφορά την αθλητική επίδοση, ο ρόλος της μυϊκής μάζας διαφοροποιείται ανάλογα με το άθλημα και το κινητικό μοτίβο. Γενικά, ισχύει ότι σε αθλήματα τα οποία περιλαμβάνουν την ρίψη κάποιου αντικειμένου, όπως η χειροσφαίριση, η καλαθοσφαίριση και οι αθλητικές ρίψεις, ή άλματα (οριζόντια αλλά κυρίως κάθετα), όπως το βόλεϊ και η καλαθοσφαίριση, η άλιπη μάζα, τόσο συνολικά όσο και του κορμού ή/και των κάτω άκρων, έχει σημαντικό αντίκτυπο στην απόδοση. Μέσα από πρόσφατες έρευνες του Εργαστηρίου Κλασικού Αθλητισμού και Νευρομυϊκής Φυσιολογίας, διαπιστώσαμε ότι η άλιπη μάζα του κορμού και των κάτω άκρων σχετιζόταν υψηλά με την επίδοση στη σφαιροβολία, σφυροβολία και τον δίσκο. Δηλαδή, όσο μεγαλύτερη ήταν η άλιπη μάζα (η συνολική, του κορμού και των κάτω άκρων) αυτών των αθλητών, τόσο μεγαλύτερη ήταν η επίδοση τους. Ωστόσο, αυτές οι σχέσεις είναι πάντα ανάλογες με το κινητικό μοτίβο που ακολουθεί ο αθλητής, διότι όσο μεγαλύτερη ήταν η ταχύτητα που έπιαναν οι αθλητές κατά την ρίψη, τόσο μικρότερη ήταν η επίδραση της άλιπης μάζας στην επίδοσή τους. Αντίθετα με τα αγωνίσματα των ρίψεων, διαπιστώσαμε ότι η επίδοση στους δρόμους ταχύτητας περιορίζεται σημαντικά από το μέγεθος της μυϊκής μάζας των δρομέων, με τους αθλητές που είχαν υψηλότερη άλιπη/μυϊκή μάζα να πετυχαίνουν χειρότερους χρόνους στα 60μ από τα άτομα που είχαν μικρότερη μυϊκή μάζα (Μεθενίτης και συνεργάτες, 2012). Αυτή η διαπίστωση οδήγησε στο συμπέρασμα ότι υπάρχει ένα οριακό σημείο κατά το οποίο η υπερτροφία μπορεί να βοηθήσει τους δρομείς, αλλά και όλους τους αθλητές οι οποίοι καλούνται να πραγματοποιούν σύντομα σπριντ (ποδοσφαιριστές, μπασκετμπολίστες, τενίστες κ.τ.λ.), διότι πέραν αυτού του σημείου καλούνται να μεταφέρουν επιπρόσθετο βάρος καθ’ όλη την διάρκεια της προσπάθειάς τους, διαδικασία που τους οδηγεί σε μειωμένη αθλητική επίδοση. Για τον λόγο αυτό η μυϊκή υπερτροφία δεν θα πρέπει να είναι εκτεταμένη, σε αθλητές αλλά και στο μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό των απλών ασκούμενων, διότι αυτό τους καθιστά μη λειτουργικούς.

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