Μεταβολισμός: Αναβολισμός και Καταβολισμός

[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”20″ margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”2_3″ layout=”2_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_title margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” size=”2″ content_align=”left” style_type=”default” sep_color=””] Μεταβολισμός: Αναβολισμός και Καταβολισμός [/fusion_title][fusion_text] Τι είναι μεταβολισμός; Τι καταβολισμός και τι αναβολισμός; Ο Μεταβολισμός είναι ένας συνεχής κύκλος, που περιλαμβάνει 2 φάσεις: τον Αναβολισμό και τον Καταβολισμό. Πάντα, κατά την αέναη αλληλουχία αυτών των 2 φάσεων (του αναβολισμού και του καταβολισμού), πρώτα πραγματοποιείται ο Καταβολισμός και έπειτα ο Αναβολισμός. Ο Καταβολισμός είναι η διαδικασία του μεταβολισμού κατά την οποία γίνεται η διάσπαση των μεγάλων μορίων σε μικρότερα μόρια. Για παράδειγμα, από τις τροφές παίρνουμε πρωτεΐνες, οι οποίες είναι μεγάλα μόρια αποτελούμενα από αλυσίδες αμινοξέων (πεπτιδικές αλυσίδες). Ο οργανισμός δεν χρησιμοποιεί όμως αυτούσιες τις πρωτεΐνες της τροφής ή των συμπληρωμάτων, αλλά φτιάχνει μόνος του αυτές που χρειάζεται από τα διαθέσιμα αμινοξέα, τα οποία βρίσκει μέσα από τον καταβολισμό των πρωτεϊνών σε αμινοξέα. Είναι απαραίτητος ο καταβολισμός; Ο καταβολισμός είναι απαραίτητος για τον οργανισμό, διότι παράγονται οι «πρώτες ύλες» για την σύνθεση των απαιτούμενων μεγαλομορίων (αναβολισμός), ενώ είναι διαδικασία η οποία παράγει ελεύθερη ενέργεια, μέρος της οποίας γίνεται ΑΤΡ. Ο Αναβολισμός από την άλλη είναι η φάση του μεταβολισμού στην οποία εντάσσονται όλες οι βιοσυνθετικές διεργασίες του οργανισμού, κατά τις οποίες τα κύτταρα συνθέτουν τα δικά τους μεγάλα μόρια από τα μικρότερα και απλούστερα. Για παράδειγμα, όταν ο οργανισμός χρειάζεται κάποια πρωτεΐνη, την συνθέτει από τα αμινοξέα που πήρε από τον καταβολισμό των πρωτεϊνών της τροφής. Είναι απαραίτητος ο αναβολισμός; Ο αναβολισμός είναι απαραίτητος για την αύξηση του μεγέθους και τον πολλαπλασιασμό των κυττάρων, για την αντικατάσταση των κατεστραμμένων ή νεκρών κυττάρων και για την δημιουργία αποθεμάτων ενέργειας. Ωστόσο, αντίθετα από τον καταβολισμό κατά τον οποίο παράγεται ενέργεια, ο αναβολισμός χρειάζεται ενέργεια για να γίνει, την οποία την βρίσκει από την απελευθερωμένη ενέργεια που δημιουργήθηκε κατά τον καταβολισμό. Συγγραφή: Νικος Πανουργιας Βιβλιογραφία: Campbell, B., & Spano, M. A. (2011). NSCA’s Guide to Sport and Exercise Nutrition: Human Kinetics Publishers. Gastin, P. B. (2001). Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise. Sports Med, 31(10), 725-741. Hargreaves, M., & Spriet, M. (2006). Exercise Metabolism. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Jeukendrup, A. E., & Gleeson, M. (2004). Sport nutrition: an introduction to energy production and performance: Human Kinetics Publishers. Kreider, R. B., Schwarz, N. A., & Leutholtz, B. (2012). Optimizing Nutrition for Exercise and Sports. Nutritional Health, 391-434. Matthews, H., & Matthews, M. (2010). Nutritional considerations for performance and rehabilitation. Sports Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention, 245. McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2006). Essentials of exercise physiology: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mougios, V. (2006). Exercise Biochemistry. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics. Rodriguez, N. R., Di Marco, N. M., & Langley, S. (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 41(3), 709-731. Vander, A., Sherman, J., Luciano, D., & Tsakopoulos, M. (2003). Human physiology: The mechanism of body function, 8th Edition. IL: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Westerblad, H., Bruton, J. D., & Katz, A. (2010). Skeletal muscle: energy metabolism, fiber types, fatigue and adaptability. Exp Cell Res, 316(18), 3093-3099. Κλεισούρας, Β. (2001). Φυσιολογία της Άσκησης. Εκδ. Πασχαλίδη. Αθήνα. Κλεισούρας, Β. (2004). Εργοφυσιολογία. Αθήνα: Salto. 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